ID 原文 译文
936 辽西慕容鲜卑创制的金属双马镫，比欧洲年代最早的马镫早出300年。此后，这种马镫由黄河以北传至长江以南，由辽东传到朝鲜半岛、日本列岛，又沿着草原丝绸之路，由中亚向西传入欧洲。 Those stirrups are 300 years older than the first European stirrups, and their use spread from the area north of the Yellow River to the area south of the Yangtze River, from East Liaoning to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, and along the Grassland Silk Road from Central Asia, westward to Europe.
937 马镫的发明，使骑兵的双脚有了强劲的支撑点，骑在马背上的人解放了双手，可在飞驰的战马上且骑且射，还可以在马背上左右大幅度摆动，完成左劈右砍的军事动作。 The invention of stirrups gave cavalrymen a strong point of support for their feet, which freed their hands to shoot while galloping. They could also move sharply on horseback during combat, such as slashing on both sides.
938 马镫特别是金属双马镫的发明与创制，使骑兵一跃升级为冷兵器时代战争的主力兵种， The invention of stirrups, particularly double metal stirrups, made cavalry more important in the majority of battles in the cold weapon era.
939 《大英百科全书》中这样写道：“让人无比惊讶的是，人类骑兵时代的实现，居然是因为马镫的发明。 The Encyclopedia Britannica states, “It is surprising that the foundation of the age of knights is due to the invention of stirrups.”
940 英国科技史权威李约瑟博士赞誉道：“只有极少的发明像脚镫这样简单，却在历史上产生了如此巨大的催化影响！ Dr. Needham, an authority on the history of science and technology from the UK, said, “There are rare inventions like the stirrups which are simple but make such a profound impact on history!
941 就像中国的火药在封建主义的最后阶段帮助摧毁了欧洲封建主义一样，中国的脚镫在最初帮助了欧洲封建制度的建立。” As Chinese gunpowder helped destroy European feudalism in its final stage, Chinese stirrups initially helped establish European feudalism.”
942 毫不夸张地说，正是由古代中国鲜卑人发明、由崛起于辽西的慕容鲜卑改进的马镫，助推了中世纪的欧洲迈入“骑士时代”，促发了千年前翻天覆地的世界变革！ It is no exaggeration to say that it was the stirrups invented by the Xianbei in ancient China and improved by Murong Xianbei in West Liaoning that pushed medieval Europe into the “age of knights” and triggered earth-shaking changes a thousand years ago.
943 铜鎏金桑木芯马镫 Gilded wooden stirrups
944 十六国时期 The Sixteen Kingdoms Period
945 朝阳北票北燕冯素弗墓 出土 Excavated from the tomb of Feng Sufu of the Northern Yan Kingdom, Beipiao County-Level City, Chaoyang City